The Economic History of Latin America since Independence or How to Price

The Economic History of Latin America since Independence

Author: Victor Bulmer Thomas

This book covers the economic history of Latin America from independence in the 1820s to the present. It stresses the differences between Latin American countries while recognizing the similar external influences to which the region has been subject. Victor Bulmer-Thomas notes the failure of the region to close the gap in living standards between it and the United States and explores the reasons. He also examines the new paradigm taking shape in Latin America since the debt crisis of the 1980s and asks whether this new economic model will be able to bring the growth and equity that the region desperately needs. First Edition Hb (1995): 0-521-36329-2 First Edition Pb (1995): 0-521-36872-3

New interesting book: Interpreting the National Electrical Code or Consuming Life

How to Price: A Guide to Pricing Techniques and Yield Management

Author: Oz Shy

Over the past four decades, business and academic economists, operations researchers, marketing scientists, and consulting firms have increased their interest and research on pricing and revenue management. This book attempts to introduce the reader to a wide variety of their research results on pricing techniques in a unified, systematic way and at varying levels of difficulty. The book contains a large number of exercises and solutions and therefore can serve as a main or supplementary course textbook, as well as a reference guidebook for pricing consultants, managers, industrial engineers, and writers of pricing software applications. Despite a moderate technical orientation, the book is accessible to readers with a limited knowledge in these fields as well as to readers who have had more training in economics. Most pricing models are first demonstrated by numerical and calculus-free examples and then extended for more technically-oriented readers.

Table of Contents:

Preface     xi
Introduction to Pricing Techniques     1
Services, Booking Systems, and Consumer Value     2
Overview of Pricing Techniques     5
Revenue Management and Profit Maximization     9
The Role Played by Capacity     10
YM, Consumer Welfare, and Antitrust     12
Pricing Techniques and the Use of Computers     13
The Literature and Presentation Methods     14
Notation and Symbols     14
Demand and Cost     19
Demand Theory and Interpretations     20
Discrete Demand Functions     24
Linear Demand Functions     26
Constant-elasticity Demand Functions     30
Aggregating Demand Functions     34
Demand and Network Effects     39
Demand for Substitutes and Complements     42
Consumer Surplus     45
Cost of Production     52
Exercises     56
Basic Pricing Techniques     59
Single-market Pricing     60
Multiple Markets without Price Discrimination     67
Multiple Markets with Price Discrimination     79
Pricing under Competition     89
Commonly Practiced Pricing Methods     99
Regulated Public Utility     104
Exercises     110
Bundling and Tying     115
Bundling     117
Tying     131
Exercises     145
Multipart Tariff     151
Two-part Tariff with One Type of Consumer     152
Two-part Tariff with Multiple Consumer Types     159
Menu of Two-part Tariffs     165
Multipart Tariff     171
Regulated Public Utility     176
Exercises     178
Peak-load Pricing     181
Seasons, Cycles, and Service-cost Definitions     183
Two Seasons: Fixed-peak Case     185
Two Seasons: Shifting-peak Case     190
General Computer Algorithm for Two Seasons     194
Multi-season Pricing     194
Season-interdependent Demand Functions     201
Regulated Public Utility     205
Demand, Cost, and the Lengths of Seasons     214
Exercises     223
Advance Booking     227
Two Booking Periods with Two Service Classes     232
Multiple Periods with Two Service Classes     238
Multiple Booking Periods and Service Classes     245
Dynamic Booking with Marginal Operating Cost     248
Network-based Dynamic Advance Booking     250
Fixed Class Allocations     254
Nested Class Allocations     258
Exercises     262
Refund Strategies     265
Basic Definitions     267
Consumers, Preferences, and Seller's Profit     270
Refund Policy under an Exogenously Given Price     274
Simultaneous Price and Refund Policy Decisions     280
Multiple Price and Refund Packages     288
Refund Policy under Moral Hazard     290
Integrating Refunds within Advance Booking     293
Exercises     294
Overbooking     297
Basic Definitions     299
Profit-maximizing Overbooking     305
Overbooking of Groups     313
Exercises     322
Quality, Loyalty, Auctions, and Advertising     325
Quality Differentiation and Classes     326
Damaged Goods     332
More on Pricing under Competition     335
Auctions     343
Advertising Expenditure     352
Exercises     355
Tariff-choice Biases and Warranties     359
Flat-rate Biases      360
Choice in Context and Extremeness Aversion     362
Other Consumer Choice Biases     366
Warranties     369
Exercises     375
Instructor and Solution Manual     377
To the Reader     377
Manual for Chapter 2: Demand and Cost     378
Manual for Chapter 3: Basic Pricing Techniques     382
Manual for Chapter 4: Bundling and Tying     387
Manual for Chapter 5: Multipart Tariff     391
Manual for Chapter 6: Peak-load Pricing     395
Manual for Chapter 7: Advance Booking     402
Manual for Chapter 8: Refund Strategies     406
Manual for Chapter 9: Overbooking     411
Manual for Chapter 10: Quality, Loyalty, Auctions, and Advertising     414
Manual for Chapter 11: Tariff-choice Biases and Warranties     417
References     421
Index     431